5. COMPUTATIONAL THINKING, PROGRAMMING AND ROBOTICS

This video from Appliancepreneur explores the essential role of sensors and actuators in robotics. Sensors, like LiDAR*, ultrasonic, infrared, and vision systems, allow robots to perceive their environment by detecting light, distance, touch, and more. Actuators enable robots to move and interact physically, using electric motors, hydraulic, pneumatic, or soft actuators depending on the task. Together, sensors and actuators create feedback loops that let robots perform precise, adaptable tasks across industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, and agriculture. The video highlights ongoing advancements and challenges in robotic sensing and movement, emphasizing their importance for future innovations.

*LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote sensing technology that uses pulsed lasers to measure distances and create highly accurate 3D models of environments

1.-What are the two fundamental elements that make robots work?

2.-What do sensors do in a robot?

3.-Name two types of sensors mentioned in the video.

4.-What is the role of actuators in robots?

5.-Which actuator type is commonly used for heavy lifting in industrial robots?

6.-Why are proximity sensors important for robots?

7.-Give an example of a task where touch sensors are useful.

8.-How do sensors and actuators work together in a robotic arm?

9.-Name one industry where robots use sensors and actuators to help humans.

10.-What is one challenge mentioned about robotic sensors?

4. BASIC ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRONICS

 - Electricity

- Electrical variables. Ohms Law

- Electric circuits: series, parallel, mix

- Resistors: fixed and variables

- Diodes

- Multimeter

- Practices with breadboard

3. Communicating ideas through graphic representation

 - Scales

- Dimensioning

- Views

- Perspectives

QCAD

SKETCHUP

Plastics 2 - 3D Printing - 3ºESO

 A 3D printer is a machine that can print figures with volume from a computer design.

Parts of a 3D printer:

3D printing process:

1. Design (STL file)   >>>>> Tinkercad, SketchUp, Blender, FreeCAD, AutoCAD, etc.

2. Slicing (GCODE file) >>> Cura, Orca Slicer, Slic3r, etc.

3. Printing - Impresora 3D Flashforge AD5X multicolor 

The Dilema of Plastics

Write a few lines that summarises advantages and disadvantages of using plastics, the good side and the bad side. Take information from the video watched in the classroom and page 78 of your book (click on the image to make it bigger if you need it)

Activity Types of plastics for Thursday 6th November

Continue filling the table with names, characteristics and images of the different types of plastics you find on pages 81-84 of your book. Look for the images in the Internet and reduce its size at about 2cm width

Example:

2. PLASTICS

 Plastic is a material made from polymers (long chains of molecules of Carbon and Hydrogen).

They can be classified by its origin into:

1. Natural Plastics: These polymers are found in nature and are derived from plants and animals.

Examples: latex, cellulose, rubber, etc.

2. Synthetic Plastics: these are man-made and obtained from petroleum and its derivates.

Synthetic Plastics are classified as:

- THERMOPLASTICS: you can heat them and mould them as many times as you want. It is very easy to recycle them.

- THERMOSETTINGS: can only be heated and moulded once and the process cannot be repeated. The process to recycle them is more expensive, polluting and difficult.

- ELASTOMERS: they stretch a lot when applying forces and can recover their original shape after suffering huge deformations.

Answer these questions about the video:

1: What is one problem caused by plastic in the ocean?

2: Why was plastic invented?

3: What natural materials were used before plastic?

4: What is plastic mainly made from?

5: How does plastic help protect undersea cables?

6: Why does plastic last a long time?

7: What should people do about plastic use?

SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY

 

According to this video and reading page 27 answer these questions in your notebook:

1. What is sustainability?

2. What is planned obsolescence?

3. Write an example of unsustainable consumption.

4. Write 4 actions that contribute to sustainability.

5. Write 3 positive points of the influence of technological development and 3 negative points.

6. What is Fair Trade? For this, visit the page https://comerciojusto.org/ 

Also explain what is and what does "La coordinadora estatal de comercio justo"

To know more:

SALES CYCLE - Word Processor Activity -

In the workshop, the process of technology problems solving ends with the construction of the prototype. In real life, however, the product needs to reach the whole of society, so we must consider a few things:

1. PRICE

2. PROMOTION (advertising)

3. DISTRIBUTION (Wholesale, Retail sale, Online sale, Franchises)

01. Technological Process - 3ºESO -

Intro Video

1. What year was the microwave oven first made available commercially?

2. How does a microwave oven cook food evenly?

3. What significant event in 1957 marked the debut of satellites?

4. How do satellites contribute to modern communication and navigation?

5. What percentage of the world's population is powered by nuclear energy?

6. What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of using nuclear power?

7. Who invented the modern motorized vacuum cleaner, and in what year?

8. How did vacuum cleaners change the way people cleaned their homes compared to previous methods?

9. Who were the Wright brothers, and what was their contribution to aviation?

10. How have airplanes evolved since the first successful flight in 1903?

11. When was the first mobile cell phone demonstrated, and by which company?

12. How have mobile phones transformed from their original design to modern smartphones?

13. What role do computers play in various industries today?

14. How have personal computers become more accessible over the years?

15. What is penicillin, and why is it considered a groundbreaking medical invention?

16. How did the development of penicillin change the treatment of bacterial infections?

17. Who is credited with the invention of the television, and what impact has it had on mass media?

18. How has television influenced public opinion and entertainment since its inception?

19. What is the internet, and why is it considered the quintessential invention of the 20th century?

20. In what ways has the internet transformed daily life and communication for people around the world?

Remember from first year:

We can summarise these steps in 4:

1. ANALYSE

2. DESIGN

3. BUILD

4. CHECK

Page 19 Donostiarra's Book

Using Canva or Genial.ly create a presentation to explain the Technolgical Process >> Teams Activity

Tip: Think about a tecnological object and think wich need is it solving. Then go step by step thinking about different ideas for solvind that need and developping one of the ideas to get thay object.

Activity 1.1.

-ORAL PRESENTATION-

An Example of a Technological Process

Rubric:

00. PRESENTATION TYD 3ºESO - SEPT25 -

 - Initial Test - Translate the answers into English

- Book >>> Donostiarra

- Notebook ???

What do you remember??